Sirolimus (CAS 53123-88-9) – Research Grade is a high-purity chemical compound.

Sirolimus is a macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antibacterial drug, a mTOR inhibitor, a bacterial metabolite, an anticoronaviral agent and a geroprotector. It is a cyclic acetal, a cyclic ketone, an ether, a secondary alcohol, an organic heterotricyclic compound, an antibiotic antifungal drug and a macrolide lactam.

Research Context

Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a potent immunosuppressant and an important research compound widely utilized in the fields of transplant medicine, oncology, and cellular biology. Its primary applications revolve around the prevention of organ transplant rejection and the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly renal cell carcinoma. In addition, sirolimus has garnered attention for its potential in treating various rare diseases and conditions related to abnormal cell growth.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of sirolimus is primarily centered around its inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a critical regulatory kinase that influences cell growth, proliferation, and survival. By binding to the cytosolic protein FKBP-12, sirolimus forms a complex that inhibits mTORC1, leading to a cessation of cellular signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. This mechanism not only helps in mitigating immune responses but also shows promise in cancer treatment by inducing autophagy and inhibiting tumor growth.

Solubility and Storage Advice

Sirolimus exhibits limited solubility in water, which necessitates careful handling and formulation for effective use in research and clinical applications. It is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When storing sirolimus, it is essential to keep it in a cool, dry place, protected from light to prevent degradation. Ideally, it should be stored at temperatures below 25°C and kept in tightly sealed containers to maintain its integrity over time.

Future Research Directions

Future research involving sirolimus is poised to explore its multifaceted roles beyond immunosuppression and cancer therapy. Investigations into its potential benefits in aging, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are gaining traction. Additionally, the synergistic effects of sirolimus with other therapeutic agents are under examination, which could open new avenues for combination therapies in clinical settings. Ongoing studies aim to elucidate the broader implications of mTOR inhibition on cellular metabolism and longevity, potentially redefining treatment strategies across various medical disciplines.